an·a·logue also an·a·log
n.
1. Something that bears an
analogy to something else: Surimi is marketed as an analogue of
crabmeat.
2. Biology An organ or structure that
is similar in function to one in another kind of organism but is of dissimilar
evolutionary origin.
3. Chemistry A structural derivative of
a parent compound that often differs from it by a single element.
adj.
1. often analog Of,
relating to, or being a device in which data are represented by continuously
variable, measurable, physical quantities, such as length, width, voltage, or
pressure.
2. often analog Computer
Science Of or relating to an analog computer.
[French, analogous,
analogue, from Medieval Latin analogus, from Greek analogos, proportionate; see
analogous.]
Sources:
When we talk about ‘analogue’, we always think of electronic
devices instantly. In fact most of them elate to the analogue signal.
What is analogue signal?
Here is a video simply describes the analogue
signal.
The Analogue and The Digital: Chris Staley, Penn State Laureate 2012-2013
sound as example:
Definition from WiKi( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signal )
An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time varying signal. For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous voltage of the signal varies continuously with the pressure of the sound waves. It differs from a digital signal, in which a continuous quantity is represented by a discrete function which can only take on one of a finite number of values. The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.
An analog signal uses some property of the medium to convey the signal's information. For example, an aneroid barometer uses rotary position as the signal to convey pressure information. In an electrical signal, the voltage, current, or frequency of the signal may be varied to represent the information. Any information may be conveyed by an analog signal; often such a signal is a measured response to changes in physical phenomena, such as sound, light, temperature, position, or pressure. The physical variable is converted to an analog signal by a transducer. For example, in sound recording, fluctuations in air pressure strike the diaphragm of a microphone which induces corresponding fluctuations in the current produced by a coil in an electromagnetic microphone, or the voltage produced by a condensor microphone. The voltage or the current is said to be an "analog" of the sound.
An analog signal has a theoretically infinite resolution. In practice an analog signal is subject to electronic noise and distortion introduced by communication channels and signal processing operations, which can progressively degrade the signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast, digital signals have a finite resolution. Converting an analog signal to digital form introduces a constant low-level noise called quantization noise into the signal which determines the noise floor, but once in digital form the signal can in general be processed or transmitted without introducing additional noise or distortion. Therefore as analog signal processing systems become more complex, they may ultimately degrade signal resolution to such an extent that their performance is surpassed by digital systems. This explains the widespread use of digital signals in preference to analog in modern technology. In analog systems, it is difficult to detect when such degradation occurs. However, in digital systems, degradation can not only be detected but corrected as well.
- Analog device, apparatus that operates on analog signals
- Analog clock, a clock or watch that represents time by position on a dial
- Analog computer, a computer based on continuous electrical
or mechanical phenomena
- Analogue electronics, circuits which use analog signals
- Analog photography, photography in which the image is recorded
as an analog (as on film)
- Analog recording, audio or video information recorded as an
analog signal
- Analog television, television picture and sound information
encoded and transmitted as an analog signal
- Analog verification, the act of verifying that an analog
circuit will function as expected
- Analog video
Analogy (biology)
In biology, an analogy is a trait or an organ that appears similar in two
unrelated organisms. The cladistic
term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy,
from Greek for same form. Biological analogies are often the result of convergent evolution.
The classical example of an analogy is the
ability to fly in birds and bats. Both
groups can move by powered flight, but flight has evolved independently in the
two groups. The ability to fly does not make birds and bats close relatives.
The opposite of analogy is homology, where the ability or organ in question
has been inherited from a common ancestor. The British anatomist Richard Owen was the first scientist to recognise the
fundamental difference between analogies and homologies, and named them.[1]
In chemistry, a structural analog (structural analogue), also known as chemical analog or simply analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another one, but differing from it
in respect of a certain component. It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other
atoms, groups, or substructures. A structural analog can be imagined to be
formed, at least theoretically, from the other compound.
Despite
a high chemical similarity, structural analogs are not necessarily functional analogs and can have very different physical,
chemical, biochemical, or pharmacological properties.
Functional
analogs (functional analogues), are compounds that have similar physical, chemical, biochemical, or pharmacological properties. An example of a functional analog
(and structural analog) is morphine and
heroin. Functional analogs are not necessarily
also structural analogs with a similar chemical structure. Examples are classes of drugs that have a similar mechanism of action.
Analogue vs. analogy
-An analogy is
(1) a similarity between two things that are otherwise dissimilar, and (2) a
comparison based on such a similarity. An analogue (now usually spelled analog in North
America) is something that can be likened to something else by analogy.
Videos
of brief introduction of analogy:
part
one
part
two (types of analogy)
Analogy
is the core of cognition
Analogue
and analogy are actually talking about two very different fields that the
former is more about the scientific field and the latter is more relating to
literature and thinking system.
Analogy
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy )
(from Greek ἀναλογία, analogia, "proportion") is a
cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular
subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target),
and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower
sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another
particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, where at least one
of the premises or the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also
refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is
often, though not necessarily, a similarity, as in the biological notion of
analogy.
References:
Analogical Thinking
Definition:
taking ideas from one context and applying them to another context to produce a
new idea (used in music composition, cartoons, science and inventions,
literature, movie-making, television, Broadway, architecture, clothes design,
etc.)
Direct Analogy:
Think of ways that related problems have been solved.
Examples: Sir March Isumbard Brunel solving the problem of underwater construction by watching a shipworm tunnel into a timber, and of Alexander Graham Bell inventing the telephone receiver on the model of the human ear.
Personal Analogy:
Make yourself part of the problem to imaginatively create a new perspective.
Examples: What would you be if you were a dazzling dinner for important guests. Think of yourself as an extremely efficient floor mop. If you were a checkbook, how would you keep from getting lost?
Fantasy Analogy:
Think of a fantastic, far-fetched perhaps ideal solution, which can lead to creative yet practical solutions.
Examples: How can we make a carriage propel itself - car? How can we make a perfect drain, which can eat up bones or waste - disposal?
Symbolic Analogy:
requires applying an imaginary comparison of the problem to something else
Example: a vision of a snake swallowing its own tail gave the Dutch physicist Kekule a key insight into the benzene molecule.
Direct Analogy:
Think of ways that related problems have been solved.
Examples: Sir March Isumbard Brunel solving the problem of underwater construction by watching a shipworm tunnel into a timber, and of Alexander Graham Bell inventing the telephone receiver on the model of the human ear.
Personal Analogy:
Make yourself part of the problem to imaginatively create a new perspective.
Examples: What would you be if you were a dazzling dinner for important guests. Think of yourself as an extremely efficient floor mop. If you were a checkbook, how would you keep from getting lost?
Fantasy Analogy:
Think of a fantastic, far-fetched perhaps ideal solution, which can lead to creative yet practical solutions.
Examples: How can we make a carriage propel itself - car? How can we make a perfect drain, which can eat up bones or waste - disposal?
Symbolic Analogy:
requires applying an imaginary comparison of the problem to something else
Example: a vision of a snake swallowing its own tail gave the Dutch physicist Kekule a key insight into the benzene molecule.
Analogic Invention
-It is the thinking process of defining the similarity and difference
between things.
A Proposal to briefly
introduce the idea and concept of my integrated studio project:
I would like to apply the continuity, the feature of analogue signal and
analogy between things, the concept of the word itself as my motif of the
project. I also borrow the notion from growing vines for the sake of exploring
the relationship and connection between people and our living environment.
